Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterised by symptoms of inattention, impulsivity and hyperactivity that are inconsistent with the child’s developmental level. For a diagnosis, the behaviours and difficulties associated with ADHD must interfere significantly with an individual’s functioning.

The DSM-5 criteria, defined by the American Psychiatric Association (2013), include three subtypes of ADHD: predominantly inattentive, predominantly hyperactive/impulsive, and combined presentation. DSM-5 criteria require onset of symptoms by age 12 (but not necessarily causing impairment). Symptoms must have persisted for at least six months to a degree that is inconsistent with the child’s developmental level and have caused impairment directly on social and academic/occupational activities.